Toubou luth is a modest looking little instrument that seems worthwhile. Yet it is the instrument of favorite these nomads of the central Sahara music that they play most frequently, the point that it appears in the music industry as the most iconic of their identity. Does this mean this specific population, compared to other Saharan societies? The question arises especially as we have shown elsewhere how the Toubou are different from other peoples of the desert both in terms of family, social and political organization (Baroin 1981-82), and the economic role and the Status of Women (1984 Baroin & b). This work, however, let the music completely aside. It is therefore necessary to examine about the lute, if these dissimilarities have their echo in the music field. The subject is less trivial than it seems, because the music is at the heart of culture, she "between walk-in the major themes of anthropology "(Jacob and Lortat Rovsing Olsen 2004: 9). Toubou are a population practicing pastoralism and nomadism in the eastern Sahara. Their territory is centered over northern Chad, but extends south of Libya and north-eastern Niger.